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Biology

A natural science concerned with the study of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena, especially in relation to their origin, growth, reproduction, structure, behaviour and evolution.

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Biology > Toxicology

surrogate

Biology; Toxicology

Relatively well studied toxicant whose properties are assumed to apply to an entire chemically and toxicologically related class; for example, benzo(a)pyrene data may be used as ...

predictive validity

Biology; Toxicology

Reliability of a measurement expressed in terms of its ability to predict the criterion: an example would be an academic aptitude test that was validated against subsequent ...

plasmapheresis

Biology; Toxicology

Removal of blood from the body and centrifuging it to obtain plasma and packed red blood cells: the blood cells are resuspended in a physiologically compatible solution (usually ...

subchronic

Biology; Toxicology

Repeated over a short period, usually about 10 % of the life span; an imprecise term used to describe exposures of intermediate duration.

retrospective study

Biology; Toxicology

Research design used to test etiological hypotheses in which inferences about exposure to the putative causal factor(s) are derived from data relating to characteristics of the ...

reconstitution

Biology; Toxicology

Restoration to original form of a substance previously for preservation and storage

risk de minimis

Biology; Toxicology

Risk that is negligible and too small to be of societal concern (usually assumed to be a probability below 10-5 or 10-6). Note 1: This term can also mean ‘virtually safe’. Note 2: ...