- Industry: Government; Health care
- Number of terms: 6957
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of 11 agencies that compose the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The NCI, established under the National Cancer Institute Act of 1937, is the Federal Government's principal agency for ...
A short chain synthetic antigenic peptide (GILGFVFTL) derived from the influenza virus A matrix protein and presented by HLA-A2 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Flu matrix peptide p58-66 stimulates the lytic functions of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which may result in the eradication of virus-infected or malignant tumor cells.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A short, synthetic, unmethylated CpG motif-based oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) with immunostimulatory activity. As an immunostimulatory sequence (ISS) that signals through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), ISS 1018 CpG ODN induces the production of immunoglobulin by B cells and interferon (IFN) -alpha, IFN-beta, interleukin (IL) -12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -alpha by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). In turn, pDC, through cell-cell contact and secretion of and IFN-alpha and -beta induce natural killer (NK) cell proliferation, NK cell production of IFN-gamma, and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity; secreted IFNs also stimulate bystander T cell activation and differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into T-helper 1 cells on specific antigen challenge. In addition, ISS 1018 CpG ODN promotes antigen presentation and co-stimulatory molecule expression. Unmethylated CpG motifs are regions of genomic DNA containing the cytosine-guanine dinucleotide in which cytosine remains unmethylated, especially in prokaryotic DNA.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A simian virus 40 (SV40)-based shuttle vector, encoding small interfering RNA (siRNA), with potential antineoplastic activity. The expression of siRNA in target tumor cells transfected with an siRNA-expressing SV40 vector may result in siRNA-mediated silencing of target oncogenes and, so, the inhibition of tumor cell growth and the induction of tumor cell death.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A single chain chimeric protein consisting of a monoclonal antibody fragment attached to a portion of the Pseudomonas exotoxin A. LMB-7 immunotoxin attaches to B3, a Lewis Y-related carbohydrate epitope on some solid tumor cells. The antibody attaches to the cell and the exotoxin inhibits protein synthesis by inactivating elongation factor 2.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A small molecular-weight, malonic acid-based probe ((2-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-2-methyl-malonic acid or ML-10) labeled with the radioactive isotope fluorine F 18 with potential apoptosis radioimaging use. Upon administration, (F18)-ML-10 binds selectively to apoptotic cells due to apoptotic cell membrane features that differ from those of normal, healthy and necrotic cell membranes. Upon entering the apoptotic cell, this agent accumulates within the cytoplasm where it can be imaged using positron emission tomography (PET). Detection of apoptotic cells using this imaging technology may be useful in monitoring tumor responses to cytotoxic therapies. ML-10 appears to mimic the alkyl-malonic acid motif present in gamma -carboxyglutamic (Gla), an amino acid that plays a crucial role in the binding of clotting factors to negatively-charged phospholipids exposed on the surfaces of apoptotic cells.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A small molecule and a naphthyridine analogue with antineoplastic activity. Vosaroxin intercalates into DNA in a site-specific manner and blocks the re-ligation process carried out by topoisomerase II during DNA replication. As a result, inhibition of DNA replication, RNA and protein synthesis occurs, followed by cell cycle arrest at G2 phase and induced p53-independent apoptosis. This agent shows a favorable toxicity profile in several aspects: it does not generate reactive oxygen species, as do anthracyclines, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity; it is not a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate, and thereby evades the common mechanism for multidrug resistance; and it has limited distribution to normal tissues and a more chemically stable molecular structure.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A small molecule and androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with potential antineoplastic activity. ARN-509 binds to AR in target tissues thereby preventing androgen-induced receptor activation and facilitating the formation of inactive complexes that cannot be translocated to the nucleus. This prevents binding to and transcription of AR-responsive genes. This ultimately inhibits the expression of genes that regulate prostate cancer cell proliferation and may lead to an inhibition of cell growth in AR-expressing tumor cells.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A small molecule and aromatic sulfonamide derivative with potential antiangiogenic and antitumor activities. E7820 inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing integrin alpha 2, a cell adhesion molecule expressed on endothelial cells. Inhibition of integrin alpha 2 leads to an inhibition of cell-cell interactions, endothelial cell-matrix interactions, vascular endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A small molecule and non-prodrug analogue of the lipophilic macrolide antibiotic rapamycin with potential antitumor activity. Ridaforolimus binds to and inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which may result in cell cycle arrest and,consequently, the inhibition of tumor cell growth and proliferation. Upregulated in some tumors, mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase involved in regulating cellular proliferation, motility, and survival that is located downstream of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A small molecule compound with potential antineoplastic activities. BI 2536 binds to and inhibits Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), resulting in mitotic arrest, disruption of cytokinesis, and apoptosis in susceptible tumor cell populations. Plk1, a serine/threonine-protein kinase, is a key regulator of multiple processes fundamental to mitosis and cell division.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
