- Industry: Government; Health care
- Number of terms: 6957
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of 11 agencies that compose the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The NCI, established under the National Cancer Institute Act of 1937, is the Federal Government's principal agency for ...
A human IgG2 monoclonal antibody directed against the T-cell receptor protein cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4). Tremelimumab binds to CTLA4 and blocks the binding of the antigen-presenting cell ligands B7-1 and B7-2 to CTLA4, resulting in inhibition of B7-CTLA4-mediated downregulation of T-cell activation; subsequently, B7-1 or B7-2 may interact with another T-cell surface receptor protein, CD28, resulting in a B7-CD28-mediated T-cell activation unopposed by B7-CTLA4-mediated inhibition.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A human IgG1k monoclonal antibody against the CD4 receptor on T lymphocytes, with potential antineoplastic and immunosuppressing activities. Zanolimumab targets and binds to the CD4 receptor on certain T cells thereby preventing the interaction between the CD4 receptor and the major histocompatibility complex class II molecule. This prevents activation of CD4-positive T cells. In addition, zanolimumab is able to induce an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) response against CD4-expressing tumor cells. CD4, a receptor located on a subset of T-lymphocytes, is upregulated in T-cell lymphomas.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against neuropilin-1 (NRP1), with potential antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities. Upon intravenous administration, MNRP1685A specifically targets and binds to NRP1; the antibody-NRP1 complex prevents the subsequent coupling of NRP1 to VEGFR2, thereby potentially inhibiting VEGF-mediated signaling and potentially preventing angiogenesis. In combination with other anti-VEGF therapies, MNRP1685A may enhance their anti-angiogenic effect. NRP1 is a membrane-bound co-receptor normally expressed by endothelial cells and overexpressed by certain tumor cells, and plays a role in angiogenesis, cell survival, migration, and invasion.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A human IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against interleukin-1 alpha (IL1a) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-IL-1 alpha monoclonal antibody MABp1 binds to IL1a and may prevent IL 1a activity. In addition, this agent may induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or complement-mediated killing (CMK). IL 1a, an inflammatory mediator, plays a key role in interleukin-mediated tumor cell activity such as metastasis and tumor cell invasion.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A homeopathic herbal formulation with potential anti-emetic activity. Cocculus/nux vomica/tabacum/petroleum extract contains equal homeopathic units of the following extracts: extract of Cocculus indicus (fish berry), the fruit of the southeast Asian/Indian climbing plant Anamirta cocculus; extract of the seeds of Strychnos nux vomica (poison nut), an evergreen tree native to southeast Asia; extract of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco); and petroleum. Although the exact mechanism(s) of action for this formulation has yet to be fully elucidated, alkaloids in these plant extracts have been shown to relieve nausea, vomiting, and, in some cases, dizziness.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A hormone synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland containing four iodine atoms and is converted to triiodothyronine (T3) in the body, influencing metabolism and organ function.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with potential antineoplastic activity. CG200745 inhibits the catalytic activity of HDAC, resulting in an accumulation of highly acetylated chromatin histones, followed by the induction of chromatin remodeling and an altered pattern of gene expression. In particular, this agent enhances the histone acetylation of the tumor suppressor gene p53. This results in an accumulation of p53, p53-dependent transactivation and apoptosis in tumor cells. HDAC, an enzyme upregulated in many tumor types, deacetylates chromatin histone proteins.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A highly tumor-selective vaccinia virus (vv) with an engineered double deletion (DD) of the thymidine kinase (tk) and vaccinia growth factor genes and additions of both a cytosine deaminase (CD) gene and a somatostatin receptor (SR) gene with potential oncolytic viral activity. The tk and vaccinia growth factor gene deletions in intratumorally administered vaccinia virus (vvDD-CDSR) help to restrict its replication and cytolytic activity to tumor cells with large nucleotide pools and tumor cells with activation of the EGFR-Ras pathway. Addition of the CD gene to the viral genome allows control of oncolytic viral infection through the administration of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), converted by CD to the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in cells infected with this agent. Addition of the SR gene allows anatomical localization of vaccinia virus (vvDD-CDSR) through the use of octreotide scintigraphy.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A highly soluble, orally available trivalent arsenic-containing telomerase inhibitor with potential antitumor activity. Although the exact mechanism through which sodium metaarsenite exerts its effect has yet to be fully elucidated, this agent appears to target and bind to telomeric sequences, specifically TTAGGG repeats, leading to a shortening of telomeres, and subsequent induction of apoptosis and inhibition of tumor cell growth. In addition, sodium metaarsenite also leads to the translocation of the catalytic subunit of telomerase into the cytoplasm and inhibition of the activity of telomerase. Telomerase is active in most tumors cells and is responsible for the maintenance of telomere length and plays a key role in cellular proliferation, but is quiescent in normal, healthy cells. The susceptibility to sodium metaarsenite seems to be inversely correlated with initial length of telomeres.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A highly selective, potent, and orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of the delta isoform of the 110 kDa catalytic subunit of class IA phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3K) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. PI3K-delta inhibitor AMG 319 prevents the activation of the PI3K signaling pathway through inhibition of the production of the second messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), thus decreasing proliferation and inducing cell death. Unlike other isoforms of PI3K, PI3K-delta is expressed primarily in hematopoietic lineages. The targeted inhibition of PI3K-delta is designed to preserve PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
