- Industry: Government; Health care
- Number of terms: 6957
- Number of blossaries: 0
- Company Profile:
The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is one of 11 agencies that compose the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The NCI, established under the National Cancer Institute Act of 1937, is the Federal Government's principal agency for ...
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specifically reactive to the cytomegalovirus (CMV) phosphoprotein pp65 with potential antiviral activity. To prepare CMV pp65-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro, dendritic cells (DCs) are pulsed with CMV pp65 epitopes and then used to stimulate and propagate CMV pp65-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs); the CMV pp65-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte population is then expanded so as to be sufficient for use in adoptive T lymphocyte therapy. When administered into a patient post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, this agent may elicit a specific CTL response against CMV-infected host cells, which may result in the resolution of CMV infection. The CMV pp65 protein (65 kDa lower matrix phosphoprotein), the primary component of the enveloped subviral particle, is an immunodominant target for helper and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to CMV.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), specifically reactive to the cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early-1 (IE-1) protein, with immunomodulating activity. Adoptive immunotherapy with cytomegalovirus IE-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes may help reconstitute CD8+ cytomegalovirus-specific CTL responses in CMV-infected immunocompromised hosts. IE-1 is one of the first CMV antigens expressed by CMV-infected cells, predominantly inducing a CD8+ CTL response.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
Cells isolated from lymph nodes from patients, and activated in vitro to generate tumor-specific effector T cells. Lymph nodes in the lymphatics draining tumors often contain T cells that are immunologically sensitized but functionally deficient. Vaccine-sensitized draining lymph node cells are prepared by isolating these lymphocytes in vitro and stimulating them with cytokines to differentiate into mature effector cells. Vaccine-draining lymph node cells may also be produced by pharmacological activation of lymph node-derived lymphocytes with drugs such as ionomycin or with bacterial toxin; these activated lymphocytes may be expanded in culture with cytokines such as interleukin-2 prior to infusion into the patient.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
Black tea is an infusion of dried leaves from plants of the Theaceae family. Due to the alkaloid caffeine, its main effect is stimulation. Black teas also contain other phytochemicals such as flavonoid and flavonoid-related compounds with strong antioxidant effects. They also attenuate atherosclerotic inflammation, reduce thrombosis, promote normal endothelial function, and block expression of cellular adhesion molecules. Black tea may reduce the risk of cancer, heart diseases, infectious diseases, and degenerative diseases.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
Autologous tumor cells transfected with a plasmid expressing recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and bifunctional short hairpin RNA (bi-shRNA) against furin, with potential immunostimulatory and antineoplastic activities. Upon intradermal vaccination of bi-shRNA-furin/GM-CSF-expressing autologous tumor cell vaccine, expressed GM-CSF protein, a potent stimulator of the immune system, recruits immune effectors to the site of injection and promotes antigen presentation. The furin bifunctional shRNA blocks furin protein production. Decreased levels of furin lead to a reduction in the conversion of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta into TGF beta1 and beta2 protein isoforms. In turn, as part of the negative feedback mechanism, reduced furin protein levels inhibit TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta2 gene expression, thereby further decreasing TGF levels. As TGFs are potent immunosuppressive cytokines, reducing their levels may activate the immune system locally and this may eventually cause a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response against the tumor cells.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
Autologous prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) gene-modified T lymphocytes with potential antineoplastic activity. Human autologous T-lymphocytes are isolated and transduced ex vivo with a retrovirus encoding a chimeric immune receptor (CIR) consisting of an antibody fragment against PSMA fused with signaling domains of the T cell. Upon reintroduction into the patient, autologous anti-PSMA gene-modified T-cells bind to PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells, which may result in specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) tumor cell killing.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A fully human, IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the FLT3 tyrosine kinase receptor (CD135) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon binding to FLT3, anti-FLT3 monoclonal antibody IMC-EB10 blocks FLT3 ligand binding to FLT3 and subsequent FLT3 phosphorylation, which may result in the inhibition of FLT3-mediated signal transduction pathways. In addition, this agent may stimulate an anti-FLT3 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against FLT3-expressing tumor cells, which may result in the inhibition of cellular proliferation and survival in FLT3-expressing cells. FLT3 (FLK2), a class III tyrosine kinase receptor, is overexpressed or mutated in most B lineage and acute myeloid leukemias.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the protein ligand PD-L1 (Programmed Death-1 Ligand 1) with immunomodulating and potential antineoplastic activities. Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody MDX-1105 binds to PD-L1, blocking its binding to and activation of its receptor, PD-1 (Programmed Death 1), which may enhance the T-cell-mediated immune response to neoplasms and reverse T-cell inactivation in chronic infectious disease. PD-L1 is expressed broadly on hematopoietic and parenchymal tissues; PD-1, a transmembrane protein, is a negative regulator of the immune system that limits the expansion and survival of CD8+ T cells.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the negative immunoregulatory human cell surface receptor PD-1 (programmed death-1 or programmed cell death-1/PCD-1) with immunopotentiation activity. Anti-PD-1 human monoclonal antibody MDX-1106 binds to and blocks the activation of PD-1, an Ig superfamily transmembrane protein, by its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, resulting in the activation of T-cells and cell-mediated immune responses against tumor cells or pathogens. Activated PD-1 negatively regulates T-cell activation and effector function through the suppression of P13k/Akt pathway activation.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
A fully human monoclonal antibody directed against the membrane-bound receptor HER3 (ERBB3) with potential antineoplastic activity. Anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody U3-1287 binds to and inhibits HER3 activation, which may result in inhibition of HER3-dependent PI3K/Akt signaling and so inhibition of cellular proliferation and differentiation. HER3, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, is frequently overexpressed in solid tumors, including breast, lung, and colorectal tumors of epithelial origin; it has no active kinase domain itself but is activated through heterodimerization with other members of the EGFR receptor family that do.
Industry:Pharmaceutical
