- Industry: Consumer electronics
- Number of terms: 2480
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Calibrated measure of lens iris aperture. Common F stops are F1.4, F2, F2.8, F4, F5.6, F8, F11, F16, F22. The higher the number, the smaller the iris aperture and the less light falling on the imager.
Industry:Consumer electronics
Two different pixel readout techniques in CCDs designed for interlaced output. Refers to the total integration time, field duration (16.6 ms NTSC/EIA or 20 ms PAL/CCIR) or frame duration (33.3 ms NTSC/EIA or 40 ms PAL/CCIR). Both modes give the same sensitivity. In field integration, pixels of two adjacent lines are read out together as one. The full CCD is read every field, achieving higher picture refresh rate but lower vertical resolution. Mostly used in current applications to achieve optimum capture of movement. Adjacent lines are combined differently for odd (1+2, 3+4, . . .) and even field (2+3, 4+5, . . .) outputs. In frame integration, pixels are read out separately. The complete CCD is read after two fields. Full vertical resolution is achieved. Progressive scan CCDs operate only in frame integration.
Industry:Consumer electronics
Half of a TV picture consisting of only the odd or only the even lines. NTSC/EIA features 60 fields of 262.5 lines / second. PAL/CCIR features 50 fields of 312.5 lines / second. Odd / even field pairs recombine on screen as frames due to picture tube and human eye memory.
Industry:Consumer electronics
One complete TV picture consisting of two sequential interlaced scanned fields. NTSC/EIA has 30 frames of 525 lines per second. PAL/CCIR has 25 frames of 625 lines per second.
Industry:Consumer electronics
Distance between the optical center of a lens and the image focal point. Fixes the magnification and the angle of view of a lens. Vari-focal and zoom lenses have a variable focal length.
Industry:Consumer electronics
Correction law introduced in the camera output signal to compensate for the non-linearity of the CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) in video monitors. A typical gamma value is 0.45, which results in the brightness component of the CRT picture appearing to be linear.
Industry:Consumer electronics
Circuitry that synchronizes one video signal to another video signal. There are three types of genlock: V-lock, HV-lock and full color. • V-lock is useful when simply switching from one B/W color source to another • HV-lock is used for full synchronization of B/W cameras, and requires a HD + VD input, composite sync input or composite VS video signal input. In the case of color cameras, this type of synchronization can be used when cutting between pictures, but not for mixing between them. • Full color genlock is used when pictures have to be mixed without color degradation. It needs VBS composite video input.
Industry:Consumer electronics
CCD technology with improved performance in spectral response, vertical smear and sensitivity. The HAD sensor also introduced a higher pixel count and electronic shuttering capability.
Industry:Consumer electronics
