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Archaeology

The scientific study of physical remains, whether monuments, artifacts or relics of past human life, cultures or activities.

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Archaeology > Human evolution

subfossil

Archaeology; Human evolution

Recent, often only partially fossilized, remains often from the Holocene or historical times.

euploid

Archaeology; Human evolution

The condition in which an organism or cell has one complete set of chromosomes, or an exact multiple of complete sets.

mitochondria

Archaeology; Human evolution

The small extra-nuclear organelles (bodies) within a cell's cytoplasm that control production of energy from food through the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

cladogram

Archaeology; Human evolution

A branching diagram, or dendrogram, based on genealogy and used to represent phyletic relationships (rates of evolutionary divergence are ignored).

multi-dimensional scaling (MDSCAL)

Archaeology; Human evolution

A multivariate statistical technique which aims to develop spatial structure from numerical data by estimating the differences and similarities between analytical units.

generalized transduction

Archaeology; Human evolution

A type of transduction in which any gene may be transferred between bacteria.

coprolites

Archaeology; Human evolution

Fossilized feces; these contain food residues that can be used to reconstruct diet and subsistence activities.