Biology

Biology

A natural science concerned with the study of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena, especially in relation to their origin, growth, reproduction, structure, behaviour and evolution.

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Biology > Immunology

elispot assay

Biology; Immunology

is an adaptation of ELISA in which cells are placed over antibodies or antigens attached to a plastic surface. The antigen or antibody traps the cells' secreted products, which ...

encapsulated bacteria

Biology; Immunology

have thick carbohydrate coats that protect them from phagocytosis. Encapsulated bacteria can cause extracellular infections and are effectively engulfed and destroyed by ...

endocytosis

Biology; Immunology

A mechanism whereby substances are taken into a cell from the extracellular fluid by pinching off plasma membrane vesicles.

endogenous pyrogens

Biology; Immunology

Cytokines (e.g. IL-1, TNF-α) that can induce a rise in body temperature. They are distinct form exogenous substances such as endotoxin from gram-negative bacteria that induce ...

endotoxins

Biology; Immunology

Bacterial toxins that are released when bacterial cells are damaged or destroyed. The most important endotoxin is the lipopolysaccharide of gram-negative bacteria, which induces ...

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Biology; Immunology

An assay in which an enzyme is linked to an antibody and a colored substrate is used to measure the activity of bound enzyme and hence the amount of bound antibody.