Biology

Biology

A natural science concerned with the study of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena, especially in relation to their origin, growth, reproduction, structure, behaviour and evolution.

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Biology > Immunology

β-pleated sheet

Biology; Immunology

A protein configuration in which the β sheet polypeptide chains are extended and have a 35-nm axial distance. Hydrogen bonding between NH and CO groups of separate polypeptide ...

antigen receptors

Biology; Immunology

Antigen receptors found on the surface of T and B lymphocytes in all jawed vertebrates belong to the IgSF. Immunoglobulin molecules (the antigen receptors of B cells) are the ...

antigen presenting molecules

Biology; Immunology

The ligands for TCRs are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. These come in two forms; MHC class I forms a dimer with a molecule called beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) and ...

co-receptors

Biology; Immunology

Co-receptors and accessory molecules: Other molecules on the surfaces of T cells also interact with MHC molecules during TCR engagement. These are known as co-receptors. In ...

antigen receptor accessory molecules

Biology; Immunology

A further molecule is found on the surface of T cells that is also involved in signaling from the TCR. CD3 is a molecule that helps to transmit a signal from the TCR following its ...

co-stimulatory or inhibitory molecules

Biology; Immunology

Co-stimulatory or inhibitory molecules: Co-stimulatory and inhibitory signaling receptors and ligands control the activation, expansion and effector functions of cells. One major ...

peripheral membrane proteins

Biology; Immunology

Peripheral membrane proteins are proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated. These molecules attach to integral membrane ...