Biology

Biology

A natural science concerned with the study of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena, especially in relation to their origin, growth, reproduction, structure, behaviour and evolution.

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Biology > Immunology

differential signaling hypothesis

Biology; Immunology

The differential signaling hypothesis proposes that qualitatively different antigens might mediate the positive and negative selection of T cells in the thymus. Cf. avidity ...

alloreactivity

Biology; Immunology

Alloreactivity describes the stimulation of T cells by MHC molecules other than self; it marks the recognition of allogeneic MHC molecules. Such responses are also called ...

epitope spreading

Biology; Immunology

Epitope spreading describes the fact that responses to autoantigens tend to become more diverse as the response persists. This is also called determinant spreading or antigen ...

immature B cells

Biology; Immunology

Immature B cells are B cells that have rearranged a heavy- and a light-chain V-region gene and express surface IgM, but have not yet matured sufficiently to express surface IgD as ...

progenitors

Biology; Immunology

Progenitors are the more differentiated progeny of stem cells that give rise to distinct subsets of mature blood cells and lack the capacity for self-renewal posssed by true stem ...

very late antigens

Biology; Immunology

The very late antigens (VLA) are members of the β1 family of integrins involved in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. Some VLAs are important in leukocyte and lymphocyte ...

endosomes

Biology; Immunology

Antigen taken up by phagocytosis generally enters the endosomes, the acidified vesicles present in cells. Protein antigens entering by this route are presented by MHC class II ...