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Earth science

Any of several geological sciences that are concerned with the earth, its origins, and all of its various structures and physical forms and phenomena.

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Earth science > Geology

clay minerals

Earth science; Geology

Clay mineral are a group of complex and loosely-defined minerals containing aluminum and silica; they form from the alteration and weathering of primary silicate minerals

convergence

Earth science; Geology

The coming together of two lithospheric plates. Convergence causes subduction when one or both plates is oceanic, and mountain formation when both plates are continental.

benefits

Earth science; Geology

The economic value of a scheme, usually measured in terms of the cost of damages avoided by the scheme, or the valuation of perceived amenity or environmental improvements.

basement

Earth science; Geology

The oldest rocks recognized in a given area, a complex of metamorphic and igneous rocks that underlies all the sedimentary formation. Usually Precambrian or Paleozoic in age.

balanced neighbourhood

Earth science; Geology

This is a planning concept that is designed to stop segregation in urban areas. All groups should be represented in all areas of a society, not separated into different zones.

biosphere

Earth science; Geology

The 'living zone* or 'layer of life' on earth. It can consist of a few meters of the sea, a few centimeters of soil and a few hundred feet of air. Anything that sustains life.

cavity

Earth science; Geology

A hole or opening, as at the bed of a glacier. When the rate of deformation into a space behind an obstacle is less the rate of movement past the obstacle, a cavity will form.