Oenology

Oenology

Oenology,œnology (BrE), or enology (AmE) is the science and study of all aspects of wine and winemaking except vine-growing and grape-harvesting, which is a subfield called viticulture.

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analysis

Language; Translation

The first of three stages constituting the translation process according to Eugene Nida. In this process, we analyze the source message into its simplest and structurally clearest ...

audience

Language; Translation

The readership of the text.

audiovisual translation

Language; Translation

Translation of any audiovisual medium, such as film, DVD, etc. This typically involves dubbing or subtitling.

back-transformation

Language; Translation

A kind of paraphrase in which surface structures are replaced by other, more basic structures (e.g. event nouns into verbal expressions: wrath > x is angry).

back-translation

Language; Translation

A word-for-word translation of a target text back into the source language, often retaining the structure of the target text. This can be used to explain the translation process ...

borrowing

Language; Translation

The use of a source language item in the target language. Typically, these are cultural items such as French baguette or Russian ruble which do not exist in the source language or ...