American history

American history

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American history

Judicial Review

History; American history

The power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of acts of other branches of government and to declare unconstitutional acts null and void.

Joseph Stalin

History; American history

Soviet premier in the 1930s and 1940s, known for his violent purges of intenal political enemies and his suspicion of Western leaders, an ideology guided by two major German invasions into Russia.

Joseph Smith, Jr.

History; American history

The founder of the Mormon Church, Smith was murdered in Illinois in 1844.

These companies were given the right to develop trade between England and certain geographic regions, such as Russia or India. Investors would pool their capital, in return for shares of stock, to ...

Johnny Reb

History; American history

This appellation was used to refer to common soldiers serving in Confederate armies during the Civil War. See Billy Yank.

John Marshall

History; American history

Appointed Chief Justice in 1801, Marshall expanded the Supreme Court's power and prestige and established its power to determine the constitutionality of the acts of other branches of government and ...

John Calhoun

History; American history

C. As vice president, Calhoun anonymously expounded the doctrine of nullification, which held that states could prevent the enforcement of a federal law within their boundaries.