European law

European law

body of treaties, law and court judgements which operates alongside the legal systems of the European Union's member states.

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European law

direct effect

Law; European law

The principle that EU law creates rights for individuals that must be upheld by national courts.

defence capability

Law; European law

The combination of weapons, manpower and organisation that goes into a country's defence forces.

Eastern Partnership

Law; European law

Launched in May 2009 to add an 'eastern dimension' to the ENP. Members include: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine.

Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs

Law; European law

Reciprocal free trade agreements currently negotiated between the EU and six regional blocs of African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries.

economy of scale

Law; European law

The increase in profit made by a business when it can produce and sell more without increasing costs.

Emissions Trading System (ETS)

Law; European law

A system to cap emissions of carbon dioxide by allowing firms that exceed their emissions limits to buy extra allowances from firms whose emissions are under target levels.

European Monetary Institute (EMI)

Law; European law

Established in 1994 to oversee the co-ordination of the monetary policies of national central banks. The EMI also worked towards the creation of the European Central Bank.