Physical organic chemistry

Physical organic chemistry

Physical organic chemistry is the study of the interrelationships between structure and reactivity in organic molecules. It a part of organic chemistry by using tools of physical chemistry such as chemical equilibrium, chemical kinetics, thermochemistry, and quantum chemistry.

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Physical organic chemistry

inverse isotope effect

Chemistry; Physical organic chemistry

A kinetic isotope effect which k l /k h l /k h > 1. The isotope effect will normally be "normal" when the frequency differences between the isotopic transition states are smaller than in the ...

inverted micelle

Chemistry; Physical organic chemistry

The reversible formation of association colloids from surfactants in non-polar solvents leads to aggregates termed inverted (or inverse, reverse or reversed) micelles. Such association is often of ...

ion pair

Chemistry; Physical organic chemistry

A pair of oppositely charged ions held together by Coulomb attraction without formation of a covalent bond. Experimentally, an ion pair behaves as one unit in determining conductivity, kinetic ...

ion pair return

Chemistry; Physical organic chemistry

The recombination of a pair of ions R + and Z - formed from ionization of RZ. If the ions are paired as a tight ion pair and recombine without prior separation into a loose ion pair this is called ...

ionic strength

Chemistry; Physical organic chemistry

In a solution of fully dissociated electrolytes the ionic strength is defined as I = 0.5Σ i c i Z i 2 , in which c i is the concentration and Z i the charge number of ionic species i. μ is ...

ionization

Chemistry; Physical organic chemistry

The generation of one or more ions. It may occur, e.g. by loss of an electron from a neutral molecular entity, by the unimolecular heterolysis of such an entity into two or more ions, or by a ...

ionization energy

Chemistry; Physical organic chemistry

The minimum energy required to remove an electron from an isolated molecular entity (in its vibrational ground state) in the gaseous phase. If the resulting molecular entity is considered to be in ...