Toxicology

Toxicology

A branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms, as well as the symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning, especially the poisoning of people.

Industry: Biology; Chemistry

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Toxicology

cross-sectional study of disease prevalence and associations

Biology; Toxicology

Study that examines the relationship between diseases (or other health-related characteristics) and other variables of interest as they exist in a defined population at one particular time. Note: ...

calibration

Biology; Toxicology

Operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding ...

agonist

Biology; Toxicology

Substance which binds to cell receptors normally responding to a naturally occurring substance and which produces an effect similar to that of the natural substance. Note 1: A partial agonist ...

bioconcentration factor (BCF)

Biology; Toxicology

Measure of the tendency for a substance in water to accumulate in organisms, especially fish. Note 1. The equilibrium concentration of a substance in fish can be estimated by multiplying its ...

cytokine

Biology; Toxicology

Any of a group of soluble proteins that are released by a cell causing a change in function or development of the same cell (autocrine), an adjacent cell (paracrine), or a distant cell (endocrine); ...

cluster sampling

Biology; Toxicology

1. A method of sampling in which the population is divided into aggregates (or clusters) of items bound together in a certain manner. A sample of these clusters is taken at random and all the items ...

acute

Biology; Toxicology

1. Of short duration, in relation to exposure or effect; the effect usually shows a rapid onset. Note: In regulatory toxicology, ‘acute’ refers to studies where dosing is either single or limited to ...