Toxicology

Toxicology

A branch of biology, chemistry, and medicine concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals or physical agents on living organisms, as well as the symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning, especially the poisoning of people.

Industry: Biology; Chemistry

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Toxicology

additive effect

Biology; Toxicology

Consequence which follows exposure to two or more physico-chemical agents which act jointly but do not interact: the total effect is the simple sum of the effects of separate exposures to the agents ...

allometric

Biology; Toxicology

1. Pertaining to a systematic relationship between growth rates of different parts of an organism and its overall growth rate. 2. Pertaining to a systematic relationship between size, shape, and ...

botulism

Biology; Toxicology

Acute food poisoning caused by botulinum toxin produced in food by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and characterized by muscle weakness and paralysis, disturbances of vision, swallowing, and ...

benchmark dose (BMD)

Biology; Toxicology

Statistically calculated lower 95 % confidence limit on the dose that produces a defined response (called the benchmark response or BMR, usually 5 % or 10 %) of an adverse effect compared to ...

biological cycle

Biology; Toxicology

Complete circulatory process through which a substance passes in the biosphere. It may involve transport through the various media (air, water, soil), followed by environmental transformation, and ...

critical effect

Biology; Toxicology

For deterministic effects, the first adverse effect which appears when the threshold (critical) concentration or dose is reached in the critical organ: adverse effects with no defined threshold ...

absolute lethal concentration

Biology; Toxicology

LC 100 . Lowest concentration of a substance in an environmental medium which kills 100 % of test organisms or species under defined conditions. Note: This value is dependent on the number of ...