frame integration

field / frame integration

Two different pixel readout techniques in CCDs designed for interlaced output. Refers to the total integration time, field duration (16.6 ms NTSC/EIA or 20 ms PAL/CCIR) or frame duration (33.3 ms NTSC/EIA or 40 ms PAL/CCIR). Both modes give the same sensitivity. In field integration, pixels of two adjacent lines are read out together as one. The full CCD is read every field, achieving higher picture refresh rate but lower vertical resolution. Mostly used in current applications to achieve optimum capture of movement. Adjacent lines are combined differently for odd (1+2, 3+4, . . .) and even field (2+3, 4+5, . . .) outputs. In frame integration, pixels are read out separately. The complete CCD is read after two fields. Full vertical resolution is achieved. Progressive scan CCDs operate only in frame integration.

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