An American case style, designed by Elias Ingraham c. 1843 for use with spring-driven movements, and first produced by Brewster & Ingrahams, probably for the English export market. The design was soon copied by many other firms, including Birge & Fuller who made a modified case-on-frame for wagon-spring and later fusee movements. Probably the greatest variety of fusee and spring-wound movements, c. 1843-52, appeared in this case. About 1852 a smaller version 16 in. High was introduced for casing 30-hour time and strike-and-alarm spring movements. These are known among collectors as 'baby or miniature steeple' clocks. The case was made of pine veneered with mahogany, rosewood, and other exotic woods. About 1888 the E. N. Welch Manufacturing Co. Introduced a form with a single glass door exposing the dial and pendulum. The sharp Gothic case was probably the most popular design ever made during the century of Connecticut clockmaking.