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Earth science

Any of several geological sciences that are concerned with the earth, its origins, and all of its various structures and physical forms and phenomena.

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Earth science > Oceanography

beta effect

Earth science; Oceanography

Denotes how fluid motion is affected by spatial changes of the Coriolis parameter, for example, due to the Earth's curvature. The term takes its name from the symbol \beta, ...

echosounder

Earth science; Oceanography

Depth measuring device using sound waves.

hydrostatic balance

Earth science; Oceanography

Describes a balance between vertical pressure gradient and buoyancy forces. Explicitly dp/dz = -\rho g. When this balance does not hold the fluid is non-hydrostatic.

turbulence

Earth science; Oceanography

Describes fluid motion disturbed from its average behavior by random fluctuations over a range of temporal and spatial scales.

baroclinic wave

Earth science; Oceanography

Describes the synoptic scale disturbance that grows in mid-latitudes due to baroclinic instability.

Beaufort wind scale

Earth science; Oceanography

Descriptive system that determines wind speed by noting the effect of the wind on the environment. Originally developed for use at sea by Admiral Beaufort of the British Navy in ...

Prandtl number

Earth science; Oceanography

Dimensionless number relating the ratio of a fluid's capacity to diffuse momentum to its capacity to diffuse heat. Explicitly, the Prandtl number is Pr=\nu/\kappa in which ...