Home > Terms > English (EN) > Systems of Logic
Systems of Logic
A system of logic, also known as a logical calculus, or simply a logic, is a method by which to express and evaluate information in a logical manner.
Formal Language and Rules of Inference
Logical systems consist of a formal language of symbolic logic. This language defines:
A set of symbols to refer to formulae, including propositions and operators.
Grammar, that is rules of well-formation, on how formulae must be expressed.
The formal language of a system consists of, on one hand, the syntax of the language, and on the other, a method for expressing semantics within the system. The semantics of a system may be as simple as assigning truth-value to propositions and formulae, or more complicated, using predicate symbols to define non-logical relationships between formulae.
Systems also consist of rules of inference, which determine how expressions in the language may be used to draw new, previously unstated conclusions.
Common Systems of Logic
Classical Logics, the most common form of logical expression, including:
Aristotelian logic
Propositional logic
First-order logic
Second-order logic
Higher-order logics
Contextual Logics, which deal with non-truth-functional operators, and include:
Modal Logic, which deals with modal operators neccessarily and possibly.
Epistemic Logic, which reasons about knowledge
Doxastic Logic, which reasons about belief
Deontic Logic, which reasons about ethical obligation and permissibility
Temporal Logic, which reasons about propositions over time
Free Logic, which rejects the assumption that the domain is non-empty, that something exists
Fuzzy Logic, which rejects the law of the excluded middle
Intuitionistic Logic, which redefines truth values based on proof
Paraconsistent Logic, which allows contradictions without entailment of any other formulae
Relevance Logic, which requires a stronger link of relevance between premises and conclusion
- Part of Speech: noun
- Synonym(s):
- Blossary:
- Industry/Domain: Philosophy
- Category: General philosophy
- Company:
- Product:
- Acronym-Abbreviation:
Other Languages:
Member comments
Terms in the News
Billy Morgan
Sports; Snowboarding
The British snowboarder Billy Morgan has landed the sport’s first ever 1800 quadruple cork. The rider, who represented Great Britain in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, was in Livigno, Italy, when he achieved the man-oeuvre. It involves flipping four times, while body also spins with five complete rotations on a sideways or downward-facing axis. The trick ...
Marzieh Afkham
Broadcasting & receiving; News
Marzieh Afkham, who is the country’s first foreign ministry spokeswoman, will head a mission in east Asia, the state news agency reported. It is not clear to which country she will be posted as her appointment has yet to be announced officially. Afkham will only be the second female ambassador Iran has had. Under the last shah’s rule, Mehrangiz Dolatshahi, a ...
Weekly Packet
Language; Online services; Slang; Internet
Weekly Packet or "Paquete Semanal" as it is known in Cuba is a term used by Cubans to describe the information that is gathered from the internet outside of Cuba and saved onto hard drives to be transported into Cuba itself. Weekly Packets are then sold to Cuban's without internet access, allowing them to obtain information just days - and sometimes hours - after it ...
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
Banking; Investment banking
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is an international financial institution established to address the need in Asia for infrastructure development. According to the Asian Development Bank, Asia needs $800 billion each year for roads, ports, power plants or other infrastructure projects before 2020. Originally proposed by China in 2013, a signing ...
Spartan
Online services; Internet
Spartan is the codename given to the new Microsoft Windows 10 browser that will replace Microsoft Windows Internet Explorer. The new browser will be built from the ground up and disregard any code from the IE platform. It has a new rendering engine that is built to be compatible with how the web is written today. The name Spartan is named after the ...
Featured Terms
Garden of Gethsemane
In the garden of Gethsemane Jesus knew that He would have to go through suffering on the cross and He cried out to God the Father and said "If it ...
Contributor
Featured blossaries
Tatevik888
0
Terms
5
Blossaries
0
Followers
Journalistic Terms and Expressions
Browers Terms By Category
- Fuel cell(402)
- Capacitors(290)
- Motors(278)
- Generators(192)
- Circuit breakers(147)
- Power supplies(77)
Electrical equipment(1403) Terms
- General boating(783)
- Sailboat(137)
- Yacht(26)
Boat(946) Terms
- Industrial automation(1051)
Automation(1051) Terms
- Wireless networking(199)
- Modems(93)
- Firewall & VPN(91)
- Networking storage(39)
- Routers(3)
- Network switches(2)