The Civil War in Tajikistan (Tajik: Ҷанги шаҳрвандии Тоҷикистон) began in May 1992 when ethnic groups from the Garm and Gorno-Badakhshan regions, which were underrepresented in the ruling elite, rose up against the national government of President Rahmon Nabiyev, in which people from the Leninabad and Kulyab regions dominated. Politically, the discontented groups were represented by liberal democratic reformists[6] and Islamists, who fought together and later organized under the banner of the United Tajik Opposition. By June 1997, from 50,000 to 100,000 people had been killed. President Emomalii Rahmon, UTO leader Sayid Abdulloh Nuri, and Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General Gerd Merrem signed the "General Agreement on the Establishment of Peace and National Accord in Tajikistan" and the "Moscow Protocol" on 27 June 1997 in Moscow, Russia, ending the war.