valence electrons

valence electrons

Electrons that spin around the nucleus of an atom in its outer shell. It is the number of valence electrons in an atom that determines its chemical and electrical characteristics, and it is these electrons that can be moved from one atom to another to produce electron, or current, flow.

All chemical elements have between one and eight valence electrons. Elements with between one and three valence electrons are good electrical conductors. Elements with five to eight valence electrons are electrical insulators, and elements with four valence electrons are called semiconductors.

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