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Philosophy

The study of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct.

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Philosophy; General philosophy

A grouping or set of things that share a characteristic. For example, animals, minerals, and persons.

working hypothesis

Philosophy; General philosophy

A hypothesis that is provisionally accepted and could be rejected when new evidence is presented.

twin earth

Philosophy; General philosophy

A hypothetical world or planet exactly like ours in almost every respect. For example, Hilary Putnam invented this concept to introduce a world with a substance exactly like water ...

deterrence

Philosophy; General philosophy

A justification for punishment in terms of the fear that the punishment causes people in order to prevent crimes. Rational people are expected to choose not to commit the crime in ...

types

Philosophy; General philosophy

A kind of thing or a general category. For example, some philosophers argued that every mental event type (such as pain) is identical to a physical event type (such as ...

per se

Philosophy; General philosophy

A Latin phrase meaning “in itself” or “without qualification.” People generally use the phrase “per se” to refer to what something is not. (e.g. “The President is not a communist ...

ex nihilo

Philosophy; General philosophy

A Latin phrase meaning “out of nothing.” It is generally used to refer to the idea that something could exist without a cause and such an idea is often said to conflict with the ...