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Philosophy
The study of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct.
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Philosophy > General philosophy 
denying the antecedent
Philosophy; General philosophy
An invalid argument with the form “if a, then b; not-a; therefore, not-b.” A counterexample is, “If all dogs are reptiles, then all dogs are mammals. It's not the ase that all ...
sufficient reason
Philosophy; General philosophy
An justification that is good enough to make a conclusion reasonably believed.
counterexample
Philosophy; General philosophy
An object or state of affairs that disproves a belief. For example, a white raven disproves the belief that “all ravens are black.”
horned dilemma
Philosophy; General philosophy
An objection that shows why a claim can be interpreted or defended in more than one way, but none of those interpretations or solutions are acceptable. For example, consider the ...
counterargument
Philosophy; General philosophy
An objection to an objection. An argument used to refute, disprove, or oppose an objection. For example, someone could argue against the belief that hurting people is always wrong ...
vicious regress
Philosophy; General philosophy
An objectionable infinite regress. Consider the view that beliefs are unjustified unless we justify them with an argument (or argument-like reasoning). In that case we will have ...
vicious circularity
Philosophy; General philosophy
An objectionable type of circular reasoning or argumentation. For example, “Socrates is a man because Socrates is a man” is a viciously circular argument. However, “coherentism” ...
Sub-categories
- Aesthetics (78)
- Eastern philosophy (1245)
- Ethics (460)
- General philosophy (17993)
- Logic (397)
- Metaphysics (736)
- Neurophilosophy (11)
- Political philosophy (1587)
- Western philosophy (202)