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Philosophy

The study of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct.

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Philosophy > General philosophy

bivalent logic

Philosophy; General philosophy

Logic with two truth values: true and false.

fuzzy logic

Philosophy; General philosophy

Logical systems that use degrees of truth concerning vague concepts. For example, some people are more bald than others. Someone with no hair at all would be truthfully said to be ...

practical reason

Philosophy; General philosophy

Means-end reasoning. Reasoning that we use in order to know how to effectively accomplish our goals. For example, to eat food to alleviate hunger would be seem to be an ...

parsimony

Philosophy; General philosophy

Metaphysical simplicity, or having few entities in a metaphysical system.

modal quantifier

Philosophy; General philosophy

Modal quantifiers allow us to state when a proposition is possible or necessary. The two main symbols are “□” for necessary and “◊” for possible. For example, “□p” would mean that ...

deontology

Philosophy; General philosophy

Moral theories that state that there is something other than consequences that determine which actions are right or wrong, but deonologists also reject virtue ethics (which is ...

normative theories of ethics

Philosophy; General philosophy

Moral theories that tell us how we can determine the difference between right and wrong actions, determine what we ought to do, or determine what we ought to be. Normative ...