Philosophy

Philosophy

The study of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct.

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Philosophy > General philosophy

self-defeating

Philosophy; General philosophy

A belief or argument is self-defeating if it gives us a reason to reject certain beliefs— including itself. For example, the verification principle states that statements are ...

normative

Philosophy; General philosophy

A category that is primarily concerned with standards, ideals, or guiding principles. Normative constraints are often thought to be action-guiding or motivational. “Normative” is ...

accidental characteristic

Philosophy; General philosophy

A characteristic that could be changed without changing what something is. For example, an accidental characteristic of Socrates was his pug nose—he would still be a person (and ...

quater

Philosophy; General philosophy

A chemical that is functionally equivalent to water that quenches thirst, boils at the same temperature, and so on; but it's not H2O. Quater was part of a thought experiment and ...

selective perception

Philosophy; General philosophy

A cognitive bias defined by people's tendency to interpret their experiences in a way consistent with (and perhaps as confirming) their beliefs and expectations. Scientists often ...

belief bias

Philosophy; General philosophy

A cognitive bias that's defined by the tendency to think that an argument is reasonable just because we think the conclusion is likely true. In reality arguments can be ...