Human genome

Human genome

The human genome consists of 23 chromosome and the small mitochondrial DNA. 22 of the 23 chromosomes are autosomal chromosome pairs and the last one being a gender-determining pair. In total, the human genome contains the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA and approximately 20,000-25,000 genes. By understanding human genome, scientists are able to develop new medical applications that can significantly advance the state of health care.

Industry: Biology; Medical

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Human genome

gonad

Medical; Human genome

1) A gamete-producing reproductive gland (as an ovary or testis). 2) The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testicle/testis).

germ cells

Medical; Human genome

1) The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms. 2) Gametes, also known as sex cells or germ cells, are the cells that come together during fertilization or conception in organisms that ...

fragile sites

Medical; Human genome

1) Specific loci that show up during karyotyping as a gap (an uncondensed stretch in closer views) on a chromatid arm after culturing cells under specific conditions. These sites are associated with ...

germline mosaicism

Medical; Human genome

Two or more genetic or cytogenetic cell lines confined to the precursor (germline) cells of the egg or sperm; formerly called gonadal mosaicism.

glycine

Medical; Human genome

A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.

genetic linkage map

Medical; Human genome

1) A map of the relative positions of genetic loci on a chromosome, determined on the basis of how often the loci are inherited together. Distance is measured in centimorgans (cM). 2) A genetic ...