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artesian basin
A large synclinal structure, comprising an aquifer (or series of aquifers) sandwiched between overlying and underlying impermeable strata. Rainwater percolates into the ground at the margins of the basin, where the permeable rocks are exposed, and migrates down-Dip towards the axis of the artesian basin. The groundwater lying at depth here is under great hydrostatic pressure, and when wells are bored through the overlying impermeable stratum, the groundwater will rise under its own pressure to the surface. The London Basin is a good example, but because much of its artesian water has now been withdrawn, resulting in a reduction in pressure, artificial pumping is now necessary in order to abstract water.
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