Modernism refers to a movement across the arts in the West which can be traced to the late nineteenth century, was at its height from around 1910 to 1930, and persisted until around the late 1970s. It was characterized most broadly by a rejection of tradition and of art as imitation. It involved considerable cross-fertilization between the arts and between its various forms in different countries. In the visual arts it included Cubism, Dadaism, Surrealism and Futurism.