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Immunology
Immunology is the study of the structuree and function of the immune system which is responsible for the protection from invading foreign macromolecules or organisms. It is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in organisms. It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in both healthy states and immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.
Industry: Biology
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Immunology
variable region
Biology; Immunology
The variable region (V region) of an immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor is formed of the amino-terminal domains of its component polypeptide chains. These are called the variable domains (V domains) ...
J gene segments
Biology; Immunology
The J gene segments, or joining gene segments, are found some distance 5′ to the C genes in immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor loci. A V and in the case of IgH chains, TCRβ chains and TCRδ chains, a ...
leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Biology; Immunology
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency is an immunodeficiency disease in which the common β chain of the leukocyte integrins is not produced. This mainly affects the ability of leukocytes to enter sites of ...
pyogenic bacteria
Biology; Immunology
Bacteria with large capsules are difficult for phagocytes to ingest. Such encapsulated bacteria often produce pus at the site of infection, and are thus called pyogenic bacteria. Pyogenic organisms ...
human immunodeficiency virus
Biology; Immunology
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the causative agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is a retrovirus of the lentivirus family that selectively infects macrophages and ...
antigen-presenting cells
Biology; Immunology
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are highly specialized cells that can process antigens and display their peptide fragments on the cell surface together with molecules required for T-cell activation. ...
trans-cytosis
Biology; Immunology
The active transport of molecules across epithelial cells is called trans-cytosis. Transcytosis of IgA molecules involves transport across intestinal epithelial cells in vesicles that originate on ...
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