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Immunology

Immunology is the study of the structuree and function of the immune system which is responsible for the protection from invading foreign macromolecules or organisms. It is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in organisms. It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in both healthy states and immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.

Contributors in Immunology

Immunology

fluorescence-activated cell sorter

Biology; Immunology

Individual cells can be characterized and separated in a machine called a fluorescence-activated cell sorterFACS® that measures cell size, granularity, and fluorescence due to bound fluorescent ...

lymphoid organs

Biology; Immunology

Lymphoid organs are organized tissues characterized by very large numbers of lymphocytes interacting with a nonlymphoid stroma. The central or primary lymphoid organs, where lymphocytes are ...

T-cell receptor

Biology; Immunology

The T-cell receptor (TCR) consists of a disulfide-linked heterodimer of the highly variable α and β chains expressed at the cell membrane as a complex with the invariant CD3 chains. T cells carrying ...

secondary antibody response

Biology; Immunology

A secondary antibody response is the antibody response induced by a second or booster injection of antigen—a secondary immunization. The secondary response starts sooner after antigen injection, ...

leprosy

Biology; Immunology

Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae and occurs in a variety of forms. There are two polar forms: lepromatous leprosy, which is characterized by abundant replication of leprosy bacilli and ...

anchor residues

Biology; Immunology

Peptide fragments of antigens are bound to specific MHC class I molecules by anchor residues. These are residues of the peptide that have amino acid side chains that bind into pockets lining the ...

tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)

Biology; Immunology

Tumor necrosis factor-α is a cytokine produced by macrophages and T cells that has multiple functions in the immune response. It is the defining member of the TNF family of cytokines. These cytokines ...

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