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Immunology
Immunology is the study of the structuree and function of the immune system which is responsible for the protection from invading foreign macromolecules or organisms. It is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in organisms. It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in both healthy states and immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.
Industry: Biology
Add a new termContributors in Immunology
Immunology
second signal
Biology; Immunology
The co-stimulatory signal required for lymphocyte activation is often called a second signal, with the first signal coming from the binding of antigen by the antigen receptor. Both signals are ...
MHC class II transactivator
Biology; Immunology
The protein that activates the transcription of MHC class II genes, the MHC class II transactivator (CIITA), is one of several defective genes in the disease bare lymphocyte syndrome, in which MHC ...
thymic cortex
Biology; Immunology
The thymic cortex is the outer region of each thymic lobule in which thymic progenitor cells proliferate, rearrange their T-cell receptor genes, and undergo thymic selection, especially positive ...
adenosine deaminase deficiency
Biology; Immunology
The enzyme defect adenosine deaminase deficiency leads to the accumulation of toxic purine nucleosides and nucleotides, resulting in the death of most developing lymphocytes within the thymus. It is ...
lymphomas
Biology; Immunology
Lymphomas are tumors of lymphocytes that grow in lymphoid and other tissues but do not enter the blood in large numbers. There are many types of lymphoma, which represent the transformation of ...
thymocytes pair with a surrogate α chain called pTα
Biology; Immunology
In T-cell development, TCR β chains expressed by CD44lowCD25+thymocytes pair with a surrogate α chain called pTα (pre-T-cell α) to form a pre-T-cell receptor that exits the endoplasmic reticulum via ...
mixed lymphocyte reaction
Biology; Immunology
When lymphocytes from two unrelated individuals are cultured together, the T cells proliferate in response to the allogeneic MHC molecules on the cells of the other donor. This mixed lymphocyte ...
