10 Terms
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Immunology
Immunology is the study of the structuree and function of the immune system which is responsible for the protection from invading foreign macromolecules or organisms. It is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in organisms. It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in both healthy states and immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.
Industry: Biology
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Immunology
differential signaling hypothesis
Biology; Immunology
The differential signaling hypothesis proposes that qualitatively different antigens might mediate the positive and negative selection of T cells in the thymus. Cf. avidity hypothesis.
alloreactivity
Biology; Immunology
Alloreactivity describes the stimulation of T cells by MHC molecules other than self; it marks the recognition of allogeneic MHC molecules. Such responses are also called alloreactions.
epitope spreading
Biology; Immunology
Epitope spreading describes the fact that responses to autoantigens tend to become more diverse as the response persists. This is also called determinant spreading or antigen spreading.
immature B cells
Biology; Immunology
Immature B cells are B cells that have rearranged a heavy- and a light-chain V-region gene and express surface IgM, but have not yet matured sufficiently to express surface IgD as well.
progenitors
Biology; Immunology
Progenitors are the more differentiated progeny of stem cells that give rise to distinct subsets of mature blood cells and lack the capacity for self-renewal posssed by true stem cells.
very late antigens
Biology; Immunology
The very late antigens (VLA) are members of the β1 family of integrins involved in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. Some VLAs are important in leukocyte and lymphocyte migration.
endosomes
Biology; Immunology
Antigen taken up by phagocytosis generally enters the endosomes, the acidified vesicles present in cells. Protein antigens entering by this route are presented by MHC class II molecules.
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