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Immunology
Immunology is the study of the structuree and function of the immune system which is responsible for the protection from invading foreign macromolecules or organisms. It is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in organisms. It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in both healthy states and immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, transplant rejection); the physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro, in situ, and in vivo.
Industry: Biology
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Immunology
surrogate light chain
Biology; Immunology
The surrogate light chain is made up of two molecules called VpreB and λ5. Together, this chain can pair with an in-frame heavy chain, move to the cell surface, and signal for pre-B-cell growth.
framework regions
Biology; Immunology
The V domains of immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors contain relatively invariant framework regions that provide a protein scaffold for the hypervariable regions that make contact with antigen.
viruses
Biology; Immunology
Viruses are pathogens composed of a nucleic acid genome enclosed in a protein coat. They can replicate only in a living cell, as they do not possess the metabolic machinery for independent life.
molecule of bacterial lipopolysaccharide
Biology; Immunology
A molecule of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has first to be bound by the LPS-binding protein (LBP)) before it can interact with CD14, an LPS:LBP-binding protein on cells such as macrophages.
productive rearrangements
Biology; Immunology
Any lymphocyte receptor chain can be rearranged in either of two ways, productive and nonproductive. Productive rearrangements are in the correct reading frame for the receptor chain in question.
ligand of COS (LICOS)
Biology; Immunology
LICOS is the ligand for ICOS, a CD28-related protein that is induced on activated T cells and can enhance T-cell responses. LICOS is produced on activated dendritic cells, monocytes, and B cells.
prostaglandins
Biology; Immunology
Prostaglandins, like leukotrienes, are lipid products of the metabolism of arachidonic acid that have a variety of effects on a variety of tissues, including activities as inflammatory mediators.
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